Question 1 (2 points)
Question 1 Unsaved
In a perfectly competitive labor market, the least-cost combination rule for resource use
Question 1 options:
A) assures the firm an economic profit.
B) requires that resources be used in combinations such that marginal products are equal.
C) requires that the marginal physical product per dollar spent for each resource is equalized.
D) assures the firm a normal profit.
Question 2 (2 points)
Question 2 Unsaved
A monopolist hires fewer workers than a perfectly competitive industry, other things being equal, because
Question 2 options:
A) the monopolist producer has to deal with unions and face higher wages than do competitive industries.
B) the monopolist substitutes more capital for labor when compared to a competitive industry.
C) a monopolist has to pay higher wages in order to attract additional workers.
D) the monopolist produces less output than a competitive industry.
Question 3 (2 points)
Question 3 Unsaved
A perfectly competitive firm will hire workers up to the quantity at which the wage rate equals the
Question 3 options:
A) marginal revenue product of labor.
B) marginal factor cost of labor.
C) price of the extra output produced.
D) average physical product of labor.
Question 4 (2 points)
Question 4 Unsaved
The change in total output due to the change in one variable input, while holding all other inputs constant, is the
Question 4 options:
A) marginal revenue product.
B) derived demand for labor.
C) marginal physical product.
D) market demand curve for labor.
Question 5 (2 points)
Question 5 Unsaved
When MFC < MRP, a firm in a competitive market will
Question 5 options:
A) stop hiring.
B) hire more workers.
C) earn fewer profits.
D) layoff workers.
Question 6 (2 points)
Question 6 Unsaved
The monopolist’s input demand curve is the
Question 6 options:
A) marginal factor cost.
B) marginal revenue curve.
C) marginal physical product curve.
D) marginal revenue product curve.
Question 7 (2 points)
Question 7 Unsaved
Refer to the above figure. Which panel represents what happens in the U.S. job market in the short-run when U.S. firms substitute labor outside of the U.S. for labor inside the U.S.?
Question 7 options:
A) Panel A
B) Panel B
C) Panel C
D) Panel D
Question 8 (2 points)
Question 8 Unsaved
The practice of outsourcing has been given a boost by
Question 8 options:
A) advances in telecommunications and computer networking.
B) firms that are becoming more risk-averse.
C) support from organized labor.
D) sharp increases in the cost of overseas labor.
Question 9 (2 points)
Question 9 Unsaved
Refer to the above table. Suppose the firm hires 5 workers and the price of the good sold is $3. The marginal factor cost of labor must be
Question 9 options:
A) $3.
B) $100.
C) $300.
D) $900.
Question 10 (2 points)
Question 10 Unsaved
Which of the following will cause a shift in the demand curve of labor?
Question 10 options:
A) An increase or decrease in the productivity of labor.
B) An increase or decrease in the demand for the product labor produces.
C) A decline in the price of a complementary input .
D) All of these
Question 11 (2 points)
Question 11 Unsaved
If the price of labor increases, the typical perfectly competitive firm in the short run will
Question 11 options:
A) produce more output.
B) hire less labor.
C) hire the same labor and produce the same output.
D) hire more labor.
Question 12 (2 points)
Question 12 Unsaved
The additional cost associated with the hiring of one more unit of labor is known as the
Question 12 options:
A) marginal physical product of labor.
B) marginal revenue product of labor.
C) marginal factor cost of labor.
D) marginal utility of labor.
Question 13 (2 points)
Question 13 Unsaved
A benefit of unions is that they
Question 13 options:
A) increase wage inequality.
B) increase firm profits.
C) increase the stability of the workforce.
D) restrict the labor market.
Question 14 (2 points)
Question 14 Unsaved
In the above figure, which wage rate will maximize union members’ income?
Question 14 options:
A) W1
B) W3-W1
C) W3
D) W2
Question 15 (2 points)
Question 15 Unsaved
Unions face a trade-off between higher wages and
Question 15 options:
A) fewer available positions.
B) equipment.
C) more available positions.
D) none of the above.
Question 16 (2 points)
Question 16 Unsaved
What is it called when the price paid for a variable input is less than its marginal revenue product?
Question 16 options:
A) Monopolistic exploitation
B) Monopsonistic exploitation
C) Bilateral monopoly
D) Featherbedding
Question 17 (2 points)
Question 17 Unsaved
Labor unions are organizations that
Question 17 options:
A) try to make labor markets more competitive.
B) try to secure economic improvements for all workers.
C) try to secure economic improvements for their members.
D) try to secure more opportunities for more workers in the economy.
Question 18 (2 points)
Question 18 Unsaved
Temporary or permanent workers hired to replace striking union workers are known as
Question 18 options:
A) strikebreakers.
B) strikeaiders.
C) backbreakers.
D) rationers.
Question 19 (2 points)
Question 19 Unsaved
If a union wishes to maximize the number of union members employed, it will
Question 19 options:
A) set a wage above the competitive wage.
B) accept the competitive wage.
C) set a wage where the elasticity of demand for labor equals one.
D) set a wage below the competitive wage.
Question 20 (2 points)
Question 20 Unsaved
If you want to become an actor, and you must join the Screen Actors Guild after your first job, the Screen Actors Guild is a(n)
Question 20 o
A) union shop.
B) agency shop.
C) closed shop.
D) open shop.
Question 21 (2 points)
Question 21 Unsaved
Labor unions that consist of workers from a particular industry, such as automobile manufacturing, are called
Question 21 options:
A) collective unions.
B) industrial unions.
C) craft unions.
D) closed unions.
Question 22 (2 points)
Question 22 Unsaved
The practice of forcing employers to use more labor than they would otherwise use is called
Question 22 options:
A) featherbedding.
B) bootstrapping.
C) railroading.
D) dumping.
Question 23 (2 points)
Question 23 Unsaved
The more bowed out the Lorenz curve, the
Question 23 options:
A) less the overall wealth in the economy.
B) greater the overall wealth in the economy.
C) less equal the income distribution.
D) more equal the income distribution.
Question 24 (2 points)
Question 24 Unsaved
What impact do private insurance companies and Medicare have on national medical costs?
Question 24 options:
A) Medical costs go down because the insurance company pays the bill.
B) Medical costs go up because insurance leads to an increase in the quantity demanded of medical services.
C) Medical cost are unaffected by insurance companies.
D) Medical costs go up because insurance will lead to the reduction in the supply of medical services due to the amount of paperwork required.
Question 25 (2 points)
Question 25 Unsaved
Wealth is measured as
Question 25 options:
A) only nonhuman wealth.
B) only tangible objects.
C) nonhuman and human wealth.
D) only buildings, machinery, land, cars, stocks and bonds.
Question 26 (2 points)
Question 26 Saved
A major benefit of a health savings account is that it
Question 26 options:
A) eliminates rising health care costs.
B) creates the incentive to see a doctor regularly.
C) combats moral hazard.
D) means more health care services will be demanded.
Question 27 (2 points)
Question 27 Unsaved
The incidence of absolute poverty is reduced by
Question 27 options:
A) the size of the budget deficit.
B) government welfare programs.
C) annual recalculations of the poverty line.
D) economic growth.
Question 28 (2 points)
Question 28 Unsaved
The Social Security system is financed by
Question 28 options:
A) a tax on luxury goods.
B) a tax on individual retirement accounts.
C) a payroll tax paid only by employers.
D) a payroll tax paid by both employers and employees.
Question 29 (2 points)
Question 29 Unsaved
The less bowed the Lorenz Curve, the
Question 29 options:
A) more equal the income distribution.
B) greater the number of low-income people.
C) greater the number of high-income people.
D) less equal the income distribution.
Question 30 (2 points)
Question 30 Unsaved
In general, as individuals undertake additional years of schooling,
Question 30 options:
A) their stock of human capital increases.
B) the marginal productivity of individuals as workers becomes negative.
C) the marginal productivity of individuals as workers declines.
D) the marginal benefit to society of the extra years of education increases.
Question 31 (2 points)
Question 31 Unsaved
Which of the following would NOT be considered a determinant of marginal productivity?
Question 31 options:
A) gender
B) training
C) experience
D) talent
Question 32 (2 points)
Question 32 Unsaved
The egalitarian principle of income refers to
Question 32 options:
A) each person receiving the same income.
B) each person working the same number of hours.
C) each person being paid differently.
D) each person receiving tax breaks.
Question 33 (2 points)
Question 33 Unsaved
The impact of technological change in the health-care area has been to
Question 33 options:
A) increase the monetary costs of health care and decrease the quality of health care.
B) increase both the quality of health care and the monetary costs of health care.
C) decrease the monetary costs of health care while decreasing the quality of health care.
D) increase longevity but decrease quality of life.
Question 34 (2 points)
Question 34 Unsaved
Social Security is a pure transfer program because
Question 34 options:
A) current payroll taxes are used to pay the eligible retirees.
B) the government subsidizes the medical bill of the poor.
C) the government transfers funds from middle-income workers to welfare recipients.
D) it transfers funds from current workers to the poor.
Question 35 (2 points)
Question 35 Unsaved
In theory, the Emissions Trading Scheme would
Question 35 options:
A) lower the production costs of all firms.
B) raise the production costs of all firms.
C) cause firms to generate more pollution than their allowed limits.
D) cause firms to generate less pollution than their allowed limits.
Question 36 (2 points)
Question 36 Unsaved
From an economic standpoint, the amount of pollution should be
Question 36 options:
A) at the point at which the marginal benefit from further reduction equals the marginal cost of further reduction.
B) zero.
C) the amount that allows firms to maximize profits.
D) the amount where firms are earning a normal rate of return on investment.
Question 37 (2 points)
Question 37 Unsaved
The optimal quantity of air pollution is
Question 37 options:
A) found by setting the quantity of air pollution equal to the quantity of water pollution.
B) a meaningless concept since monetary values cannot be attached to problems associated with pollution.
C) found by equating the marginal benefits from further reductions in pollution and the marginal costs of further reductions in pollution.
D) whatever amount of pollution is produced by the profit maximizing firm.
Question 38 (2 poin
Question 38 Unsaved
An individual who pays for personal auto repair has incurred a
Question 38 options:
A) social cost.
B) positive externality.
C) negative externality.
D) private cost.
Question 39 (2 points)
Question 39 Unsaved
To efficiently improve environmental quality, it is usually
Question 39 options:
A) better to focus on economic damages rather than physical quantities of pollution.
B) better to focus on the hardest areas to clean up first since these usually are the biggest problems.
C) best to set up stringent emission standards that must be followed by everyone.
D) more appropriate to concentrate on the physical quantities of pollution rather than on economic costs.
Question 40 (2 points)
Question 40 Unsaved
A social cost that is not fully paid by the individual using an automobile is
Question 40 options:
A) insurance.
B) traffic congestion.
C) depreciation of the vehicle.
D) gasoline and oil.
Question 41 (2 points)
Question 41 Unsaved
The total social cost of production is equal to
Question 41 options:
A) external cost minus internal cost.
B) internal cost plus opportunity cost.
C) external cost plus internal cost.
D) internal cost minus external cost.
Question 42 (2 points)
Question 42 Unsaved
Exclusive rights of ownership that allow the use, transfer, and exchange of property are called
Question 42 options:
A) common property rights.
B) public property rights.
C) private property rights.
D) nonexclusive property rights.
Question 43 (2 points)
Question 43 Unsaved
In general, pollution exists in situations in which
Question 43 options:
A) people are selfish.
B) there are poorly defined private property rights.
C) people refuse to take social responsibility seriously.
D) there exists public property.
Question 44 (2 points)
Question 44 Unsaved
A large farm uses fertilizer that nearby landowners complain may contaminate their water. Tests are conducted and contaminants are found. The costs resulting from this decision are referred to as
Question 44 options:
A) opportunity costs.
B) factor costs.
C) external costs.
D) implicit costs.
Question 45 (3 points)
Question 45 Unsaved
Distinguish between craft unions and industrial unions.
Question 45 options:
Spell check
Question 46 (3 points)
Question 46 Unsaved
Explain the implications of outsourcing for employment and wages in the domestic and foreign labor markets.
Question 46 options:
Spell check
Question 47 (3 points)
Question 47 Unsaved
What can cause the demand curve for labor to shift? Explain.
Question 47 options:
Spell check
Question 48 (3 points)
Question 48 Unsaved
What is the purpose of a strike? What are the costs to workers and to management?
Question 48 options:
Spell check